Houston Harris County Expert Witnesses | Houston Personal Injury Trial Lawyer
In every personal injury trial, or every personal injury lawsuit that is filed, a Houston personal injury attorney will retain at least one expert to testify. In today’s world, at a bare minimum, your personal injury attorney will need to have the testimony of a medical doctor, preferably the treating physician, to give testimony that your injuries were, more likely than not, caused by your particular accident. Without this type of testimony, your personal injury claim could be defeated at the close of the plaintiff’s case-in-chief.
Expert witnesses are defined under Texas Rule of Evidence 702, which states:“If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise.” |
Types of Expert Witnesses in a Houston Personal Injury Case:
A brief summary of the typical Houston expert witnesses one might see in a personal injury case is provided to aid in your understanding of why expert witnesses are so important to most personal injury lawsuits.
Expert Physicians' or Doctors’ Testimony in Houston Injury Trials
In every injury case, there are medical records, which serve as evidence. These medical records must be retrieved by your Houston Personal Injury Attorney in a manner that makes them admissible at the time of trial. Sometimes, Houston Personal Injury Law Firms will use what is a called a “record service company.” This company, at the request of your Houston Injury Attorney, will issue a subpoena to the medical records custodian to answer certain TRE 803(6) questions when the subpoenaed medical (business) records are given to the court reporter. Once these records are admissible, they become freely usable evidence at your personal injury trial.
However, having admissible medical records and medical bills is not enough to get your case submitted to the jury. You must have medical testimony based upon reasonable medical possibilities. This means that you must prove that more likely than not, your injury was medically caused by the event. In some instances, this is crystal clear. For example, if you are involved in a car accident on South1st St. in Houston and you received a broken arm, it would seem quite clear that you received the broken arm from the auto accident. But you still need a doctor to testify that your broken arm was causally related to your Houston traffic accident.
Sometimes, however, the medical issue is not so clear. Frequently, when somebody suffers a herniated disc in their back, the defense counsel will try to show that the herniated disc pre-existed the accident and, therefore, there was no injury. This makes the testimony of a Houston orthopedic surgeon critical to your case. In other cases, such as exposure to toxic substances, it may not be clear that the exposure is the cause of your respiratory problems. In this type of case, the expert testimony of a pulmonologist is critical.
Expert physicians often rely upon what is called in the law, “learned treatises.” Under Rule 803(18) of the Texas Rules of Evidence, whatever technical information the expert doctor relies upon for testimony must be the type of literature that is typically relied upon by similar experts in his field.
Finally, a doctor usually testifies that your medical bills are:
- Reasonable;
- Customary in Houston, Harris County, Texas; and,
- Necessary to properly treat the injured plaintiff for the injuries that were sustained.
When this testimony is garnered by your Houston car accident attorney, the jury is entitled to consider how much should be awarded for past medical charges. For future medical charges, a doctor must testify that, based upon reasonable medical probabilities, you will require future medical care and are entitled to receive the cost of that future medical care as part of your damage award. Under these circumstances, a Harris County jury will be able to award monetary damages for future medical care.
Economic Damage Experts in Houston Injury Trials
In addition to having a doctor testify, your Houston Injury Lawyer will undoubtedly have an economist testify. The Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Section 18.091 states:
§ 18.091. PROOF OF CERTAIN LOSSES; JURY INSTRUCTION.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, if any claimant seeks recovery for loss of earnings, loss of earning capacity, loss of contributions of a pecuniary value, or loss of inheritance, evidence to prove the loss must be presented in the form of a net loss after reduction for income tax payments or unpaid tax liability pursuant to any federal income tax law.
(b) If any claimant seeks recovery for loss of earnings, loss of earning capacity, loss of contributions of a pecuniary value, or loss of inheritance, the court shall instruct the jury as to whether any recovery for compensatory damages sought by the claimant is subject to federal or state income taxes.
This Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Sec. 18.091 requires that the jury only consider after-tax dollars in computing your economic loss. A Harris County personal injury lawyer will often call a certified public accountant (CPA) to testify. That economics expert will rely upon your prior W-2 statements, your prior income tax returns, and, in some cases, they will have to reconstruct your income from receipts if you did not file income tax returns as required by federal law.
When an economist testifies, he/she must give the jury testimony for past loss of wages, or past loss of earning capacity, as well as future loss of wages and/or future loss of earning capacity. In determining your future loss of earning capacity, they usually select 65 years of age to compute your work-life expectancy. For example, if you were 28 years of age when you were seriously injured and it took one year to get to trial in Harris County, Texas, you would be 29 years of age at the time of trial. If you did not work from the date of injury to the date of trial and that time period was one year, you would have one year’s worth of wage loss in the past; and because you were 29 years of age at the time of trial, you would have 36 years of future loss of earning capacity.
Additionally, the testimony from the economist or accountant must be presented to the Harris County trier-of-fact in present dollars and, therefore, a “discount factor” must be incorporated in the economist’s testimony. This is true because the Harris County jury is asked: “What sum of money, if now paid in cash, would fairly and reasonably compensate [injured person] for their injuries and damages?”
Vocational Rehabilitation Expert Witnesses in Houston Injury Trials
Quite often, your Houston Injury and Accident Attorney will retain a certified vocational rehabilitationist to testify when your case goes to trial. A Vocational Rehabilitationist looks at all the medical records, reads the doctor’s deposition, and does testing upon the injury victim. The types of testing that are performed include:
- IQ tests;
- psychological surveys;
- skills assessment tests;
- the WAIS-R IQ tests;
- aptitude testing; and,
- learning disability testing.
Further, a comprehensive vocational evaluation is performed to determine your transferable skills, and then the testing, as well as the physician’s analysis, are all summarized and employability analysis is performed. The defense will undoubtedly try to show that you can go back to work and keep gainful employment. They do this to reduce the amount of your future economic wage loss or future loss of earning capacity.
If you are the plaintiff in a serious injury case, it is essential that you retain your own vocational rehabilitation expert.
Life Care Plan Expert Testimony in Houston Injury trials
In serious injury cases involving paralysis, paraplegia, quadriplegia, or the need for a prosthesis, your Harris County Injury Lawyer may need to create a life care plan. These can be prepared by persons experienced in social work or, alternatively, a registered nurse or licensed vocational nurse (LVN) with experience in life care planning can testify on these topics. Some of the factors that are considered are the cost of a van outfitted with handicapped accessibility items, ramps to and from your house, as well as, in some instances, the cost of home health care. The court will treat all of these items similarly to future medical bills.
Special Requirements in Houston Medical Malpractice Cases
In a Texas medical malpractice lawsuit, the victim is required to have a physician, from within the school of science involving the alleged allegation of negligence, render an expert report that must be produced to the defense. This must be done within one hundred twenty (120) days of filing your Houston medical malpractice lawsuit. Failure to supply this report can have serious repercussions on your potential Houston medical malpractice claim.
Federal Expert Witness Standards - FRE 702
In 1993, the United States Supreme Court decided Daubert v. Merrell-Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993), which dealt with the standard in the Federal Rules of Evidence for admitting the testimony of scientific experts. In Daubert, the Supreme Court was establishing the trial judge as a “gatekeeper” to ensure that any and all scientific testimony is not only relevant, but reliable. After Daubert, federal trial judges must decide for themselves whether an expert’s methodology is reliable. In almost every Houston, Harris County, personal injury lawsuit, either the defense or the plaintiff’s counsel, and sometimes both, will file a “Daubert/Robinson Challenge,” challenging an expert’s opinions, either in whole or in part.
In Texas, the Texas Supreme Court, after Daubert, decided E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., v. Robinson, 923 S.W.2d 549(1995). In the Robinson case, the Texas Supreme Court adopted Daubert as it applies to the Texas Rules of Evidence.
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